Audi smoking exhaust engine development
Engine configuration
Earlier automobile engine development produced a much larger range of engines than is in common use today. Engines have ranged from 1- to 16-cylinder designs with corresponding differences in overall size, weight, engine displacement, and cylinder bores. Four cylinders and power ratings from 19 to 120 hp (14 to 90 kW) were followed in a majority of the models. Several three-cylinder, two-stroke-cycle models were built while most engines had straight or in-line cylinders. There were several V-type models and horizontally opposed two- and four-cylinder makes too. Overhead camshafts were frequently employed. The smaller engines were commonly air-cooled and located at the rear of the vehicle; compression ratios were relatively low. The 1970s and 1980s saw an increased interest in improved fuel economy, which caused a return to smaller V-6 and four-cylinder layouts, with as many as five valves per cylinder to improve efficiency. The Bugatti Veyron 16.4 operates with a W16 engine, meaning that two V8 cylinder layouts are positioned next to each other to create the W shape sharing the same crankshaft.
The largest internal combustion engine ever built is the Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C, a 14-cylinder, 2-stroke turbocharged diesel engine that was designed to power the Emma M?rsk, the largest container ship in the world. This engine weighs 2,300 tons, and when running at 102 RPM produces 109,000 bhp (80,080 kW) consuming some 13.7 tons of fuel each hour.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine
What follow when choosing a place for a car repair shop?
Nowadays, more and more people are choosing to buy their own car. And there is nothing surprising in this - after all, the car provides independence and is extremely convenient means of transport. Each vehicle requires service from time to time, or repair certain faults or replacement of wearing parts in everyday life. This makes the mechanics willing to assume workshops. But in order to achieve financial success, it is well to consider the location of such a plant. If the area is a lot of competition, you better look for another place. It should provide good access and be well marked in such a way to customers had no trouble finding it.
Servicing cars after accidents
One of the most common causes of damage to the cars are all sorts of road accidents. While serious incidents of road servicing of such cars may be even unprofitable, because the costs arising from the repair would exceed the value of the car. Servicing a car after an accident is very difficult not only because it is usually the failure of such an event is a lot of car parts. It is also complicated because sometimes resulting dents and other damage to prevent, for example, look inside the hood to find all the problems with the car. On the other hand, the repair may be necessary, because the car is often essential for benefiting people transportation.